Photo: Collected
The Mpox virus, formerly known as monkeypox, is spreading rapidly across the globe, prompting the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a public health emergency. The virus, which spreads through contact with infected individuals, as well as through sexual contact, skin-to-skin contact, and respiratory droplets, has now been detected in Pakistan, after affecting Africa and Europe.
What is Mpox?
Previously known as monkeypox, the Mpox virus spreads through close contact with infected individuals. It can also be transmitted through talking or breathing. Symptoms appear 6 to 13 days after infection and include headache, fever, rashes, sores, and muscle pain. While most cases are mild, the virus can be fatal, with an average death rate of 4% among those infected.
Why Did WHO Declare a Global Emergency?
WHO's emergency declaration is aimed at urging countries and donor agencies to take swift action. The declaration facilitates access to testing, vaccines, and treatments in affected areas and helps combat existing stigma surrounding the virus. While there are mixed reactions to this announcement, Dr. Jean Kaseya, director of the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), stated that this move would encourage decisive action, especially in Africa where the disease is spreading rapidly.
Where is the Outbreak Happening?
Mpox has been recorded in 34 African countries, with the virus spreading from the Democratic Republic of Congo to neighboring regions. Since the start of 2024, over 14,000 infections and 524 deaths have been reported in the DRC alone. The virus is now being detected in countries where it was previously unknown, including Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda.
Why is the Virus Spreading?
Mpox has two primary strains, Clade 1 and Clade 2. The Clade 1b variant, detected in Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda, is believed to be fueling the recent surge in cases. Unlike Clade 1, which was typically spread through consuming contaminated bushmeat, Clade 1b is primarily transmitted through human contact, particularly sexual activity.
Why Are Children More Vulnerable?
Children are at higher risk due to their weaker immune systems. They are also more likely to be in close physical contact and less able to take protective measures. The virus is spreading across countries through infected individuals, including long-distance truck drivers, who have carried the virus to Tanzania, Rwanda, and Uganda. It is also spreading rapidly through sexual contact, with sex workers being among the first to be affected.
Is There a Vaccine?
Yes, there is a vaccine, but distribution is a significant challenge. The Africa CDC has only received 200,000 doses, while the demand is for 10 million. WHO has approved two vaccines for emergency use, prioritizing high-risk individuals such as those who have been in contact with infected persons and HIV-positive individuals. However, the vaccination plan is still under review.
In July 2022, WHO declared a global emergency and implemented widespread vaccination and protective measures. The emergency status was lifted in May 2023.
Messenger/Shahed
