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Bangladesh, known for its rich cultural heritage and stunning natural beauty, is confronted with a significant risk lurking beneath its picturesque exterior: susceptibility to earthquakes. Positioned at the intersection of multiple tectonic plates, including the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate, Bangladesh finds itself in a delicate position regarding seismic hazards. The World Bank has highlighted Bangladesh as one of the most at-risk nations when it comes to earthquake vulnerabilities, attributing this to its high population density and inadequate infrastructure resilience.
Recent research suggests that swift urban development and substandard building practices have only heightened Bangladesh's exposure to seismic threats. With numerous structures failing to meet safety standards and an expanding populace settling in earthquake-prone zones, Bangladesh faces a potential catastrophe on the horizon. The imminent specter of a major earthquake looms large over the country's future, underscoring the critical necessity for comprehensive disaster readiness plans and proactive mitigation strategies to safeguard lives and assets in this densely populated region.
The seismic activity in the region has been a longstanding concern, particularly in a country like Bangladesh with high earthquake vulnerabilities. Situated on the active boundary between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate, Bangladesh faces a significant risk of experiencing destructive earthquakes that could cause extensive damage to both infrastructure and communities. The lingering memory of past earthquakes, such as the 1950 Assam-Tibet earthquake, serves as a stark reminder of the potential devastation within Bangladesh.
Recent research has underscored the possibility of major earthquakes originating from lesser-known faults in the area, prompting initiatives to enhance earthquake preparedness and resilience in Bangladesh. These efforts primarily involve retrofitting critical infrastructure and raising public awareness about earthquake safety protocols. As scientists delve deeper into comprehending the seismic dynamics of this region, it is increasingly evident that maintaining vigilance and implementing proactive strategies are crucial in mitigating the impacts of future earthquakes in Bangladesh.
The seismic history of Bangladesh chronicles a narrative of destruction and fortitude. Reflecting on the past, it is essential to highlight a sequence of notable seismic occurrences spanning from 1762 to 1930. Within this timeframe, seven significant earthquakes were documented, none exceeding a magnitude of 8. Particularly noteworthy was the seismic activity in 1869, which registered a magnitude of 7.5, followed by a magnitude 7 earthquake in 1885. Subsequently, in 1897, an earthquake measuring a magnitude of 8.1 etched lasting memories in the national consciousness that reverberate to this day, while events in 1918 and 1930 measured magnitudes of 7.6 and 7.1, respectively.
Subsequent seismic events in the area have emphasised the critical necessity for proactive measures to mitigate future risks. The haunting echoes of past earthquakes continue to drive advancements in seismology and engineering, prompting experts to reevaluate current safety protocols and devise more resilient architectural frameworks. These occurrences serve as poignant indicators that Bangladesh exists at the crossroads of natural splendour and potential disaster, catalysing ongoing endeavours to protect lives and livelihoods amidst the uncertainties posed by seismic activities.
Reflecting on the challenges faced by individuals impacted by past earthquakes is not just an act of looking back on history but a crucial reminder for all parties engaged in disaster response. As Bangladesh navigates its vulnerable seismic landscape, there is a chance for advancement through united efforts, exploration, and strategic foresight. Drawing wisdom from past seismic events can guide us towards a more secure future—a future where resilience replaces apprehension and readiness takes precedence.
Bangladesh, a nation susceptible to seismic activity, is making significant progress in fortifying its readiness and infrastructure against earthquakes. Despite grappling with challenges such as high population density and limited resources, the government is actively investing in retrofitting vulnerable structures and implementing early warning systems. The country's emphasis on community resilience and public awareness initiatives has also contributed to improved earthquake preparedness among its populace.
Bangladesh has recently intensified collaboration with international organisations and experts to enhance its earthquake response strategies. The expansion of training programs for first responders and emergency services aims to enhance coordination during crisis scenarios. Furthermore, cutting-edge technology solutions like real-time monitoring systems are being deployed to enhance earthquake prediction accuracy and provide timely alerts to communities at risk.
Bangladesh's past encounters with severe seismic events underscore the pressing need to address potential future earthquake threats. The burgeoning urbanisation and population expansion in areas at high risk, such as Dhaka, amplify the susceptibility to significant seismic impacts. Deficient infrastructure and insufficient adherence to building codes exacerbate the vulnerability, rendering numerous edifices prone to collapsing should a formidable tremor occur. Based on a seismic zoning map issued by BUET, as reported by The Business Standard, "43% of the area in Bangladesh can be rated high risk, 41% moderate and 16% low. The high-risk group includes major population belts such as Chattagram, Dhaka, Rangpur, Bogra, Mymensingh, Cumilla, Rajshahi and Sylhet.” Mehedi Ahmed Ansary, an esteemed faculty member within the civil engineering department at the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), offers a unique insight into the seismic activity levels within Bangladesh. As reported to The Daily Messenger, the region has not experienced an earthquake of magnitude 9 in the past, with potential seismic events ranging from 7 to 8 on the scale.
Moreover, experts caution that the impact of climate change may heighten earthquake risks by inducing landslides and liquefaction in specific areas. The intricate relationship between environmental elements underscores the necessity for comprehensive disaster preparedness strategies that consider not just seismic events but also their interaction with other geological hazards. Effectively addressing these multifaceted challenges is essential for bolstering Bangladesh's resilience against future earthquakes and mitigating their adverse effects on human lives and infrastructure.
It is imperative to emphasise efforts in Bangladesh aimed at mitigating and building resilience in the face of the imminent earthquake threat. The Disaster Management Bureau (DMB) has been diligently engaged in bolstering earthquake readiness through community training initiatives and infrastructure upgrades. The DMB's emphasis on early warning systems and fortifying vulnerable structures reflects a proactive stance in minimising the impact of potential seismic occurrences.
Additionally, public outreach campaigns on earthquake safety practices are geared towards equipping individuals with the knowledge to respond effectively during emergencies. By instilling a culture of preparedness and education, Bangladesh is making significant progress in enhancing resilience at both personal and societal levels. The collaborative endeavours among governmental bodies, non-profit organisations, and local communities underscore a shared dedication towards reducing earthquake vulnerabilities and cultivating a more resilient nation.
Being the most densely populated nation on Earth, Bangladesh confronts a formidable task in ensuring its readiness for earthquakes. Given its precarious position atop several active fault lines, the imperative for preparedness cannot be emphasised enough. The devastating consequences of unpreparedness were highlighted by the 2015 Nepal earthquake, which sent shockwaves through neighbouring countries—including Bangladesh.
In light of the imminent danger, a glimmer of optimism shines through as endeavours are being pursued to enhance resilience and preparedness in Bangladesh. Efforts such as fortifying construction regulations and imparting safety awareness to communities signify strides in the right direction. Nevertheless, urgent action is imperative to avert the potentially devastating repercussions of a significant seismic event. The specter of another earthquake looms large, underscoring the critical need for prompt measures, as the ramifications of complacency are too dire to overlook.
The writer is a poet and an Assistant Professor, Department of English, University of Creative Technology Chittagong. He could be reached at [email protected].
Messenger/Fameema
